A brain computer interface (BCI) is a device that allows people with cognitive or motor limitations to control computers and other devices. BCIs use different combinations of sensors, recording techniques as well as signal processing algorithms and machine learning to translate brain signals into operational commands. They can operate a wide https://hive-eu.org range of devices, ranging from cursors on computers to wheelchairs and robotic arms.
Most BCIs measure activity from the scalp, such as electroencephalographic (EEG) or functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRS) signaling. The signals are then recorded by a sensor that can detect the presence of neuronal activity and software converts them to operating commands.
In many BCI systems the user must undergo an iterative learning process to be able to create signals that are recognized by the system. For instance in a BCI that is specifically designed to type letters, the user is required to imagine moving his or her right or left hand.
The most exciting BCI developments involve implantable or surgical systems that record directly from neural tissue, not the scalp. These devices are more precise than noninvasive BCIs however they require surgery and come with dangers.
Invasive BCIs are still very experimental and it is essential that patients who undergo this procedure fully are aware of the potential risks and benefits of this procedure. BCIs can read neural signals that can contain sensitive information regarding health and behavior. Security and privacy of data is an additional issue. Some people are opposed to the technology on ethical grounds in fear that other people could hack into their minds and take control of them.